Important terms in Biology for NEET - Anatomy & Physiology

Important terms in Biology for NEET : for Medical Exams

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information.

RNA: Ribonucleic acid, a molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis.

Protein: A macromolecule made up of amino acids that carries out a variety of functions in the cell.

Enzyme: A type of protein that catalyzes chemical reactions in the cell.

Cell membrane: The thin, flexible layer that surrounds all cells and regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

Mitosis: The process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis: The process by which cells divide to produce gametes (sperm and eggs), each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

Allele: One of two or more alternative forms of a gene.

Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can result in altered gene function or the creation of new alleles.

Natural selection: The process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the evolution of populations over time.

Adaptation: A trait or characteristic that increases an organism's fitness in its environment.

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants convert sunlight into energy in the form of organic compounds.

Cellular respiration: The process by which cells convert organic compounds into energy in the form of ATP.

Ecosystem: A community of living and non-living things that interact with each other and their environment.

Homeostasis: The ability of organisms to maintain a stable internal environment in the face of changing external conditions.

Evolution: The process by which species change over time as a result of genetic variation and natural selection.

Ecology: The study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment.

Biotechnology: The use of living organisms or their products to develop new products or processes.

Epidemiology: The study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations.

Chromosome: A structure made of DNA and protein that carries genetic information.

Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance inside a cell that contains organelles and other cell components.

Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

Nucleus: The control center of a cell that contains the cell's DNA.

Ribosome: The site of protein synthesis in a cell.

Mitochondria: The organelles responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplast: The organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis.

Cytoskeleton: The network of protein filaments that give a cell its shape and allow for movement.

Endoplasmic reticulum: A network of membranes in the cytoplasm that is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi apparatus: An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or transport.

Lysosome: An organelle that contains enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste.

Vacuole: A membrane-bound organelle that stores materials such as water, nutrients, and waste products.

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that carries energy within cells.

Aerobic respiration: The process of producing ATP in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration: The process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.