Maharana Pratap
▪️Birth - May 9, 1540 (Jyeshtha Shukla Tritiya, Vikram Samvat 1597, Sunday)
▪️Place of Birth - Badal Mahal (Katargarh) Kumbhalgarh Fort
▪️Father – Maharana Uday Singh
▪️Mother – Jayavanta Bai (Daughter of Pali King Akhairaj Songara)
▪️Marriage – Solemnized in 1557 AD with Ajabde Pawar
▪️Son - Amar Singh
▪️Reign – 1572-1597 AD
▪️Nickname - 1. 'Kika' (in the hilly regions of Mewar) 2. Mewar Kesari 3. Hindua Suraj
▪️Revolt of Rajmahal - Uday Singh had declared Jagmal as his successor but the feudatories of Mewar removed Jagmal and made Rana Pratap the ruler, this incident is called 'Revolt of Rajmahal'.
▪️First Coronation - Mahadev Bawdi (Gogunda) on February 28, 1572
▪️Formal coronation - took place in Kumbhalgarh fort in which Rao Chandrasen of Marwar participated.
▪️Pratap's horse - Chetak
▪️Elephants – Ramprasad and Luna
▪️Rana Pratap united the brave feudal lords and Bhils to fight against the Mughals and enhanced their respect by giving them high positions in the military system.
▪️Pratap shifted his residence from Gogunda to Kumbhalgarh to manage the war secretly.
▪️Akbar sent 4 treaty proposers / delegation to Rana Pratap –
(1) Jalal Khan Korchi – November, 1572
(2) Mansingh – June, 1573
(3) Bhagwantdas – October, 1573
(4) Todarmal – December, 1573
Battle of Haldighati (Rajsamand) June 18, 1576
▪️At the beginning of the year 1576, Akbar came to Ajmer to prepare for the attack on Mewar and handed over the leadership of this war to Mansingh here.
▪️Akbar had composed the strategy of war in the magazine Fort.
▪️Commander in Chief of Mughal Army – Mirza Mansingh (Amer)
Associate General - Asaf Khan
▪️Leading the Harawals of Rana Pratap - Hakim Khan Sur
▪️The leadership of Chandavals - Rana Poonja
▪️The leadership of the harawals of the Mughal army - Sayyid Hashim
▪️Mughal side – Muhammad Badakhshi Rafi, Raja Jagannath and Asaf Khan
▪️The historian Badayuni was present with the Mughal army.
▪️Rajputs under the leadership of Hakim Khan Sur made the first attack so fierce that the Mughal army ran away.
▪️At the same time Mihtar Khan, in charge of the reserve army of the Mughals, spread a false rumor that - "Emperor Akbar himself is bringing the royal army."
▪️Hearing this, the Mughal army again went ahead for the war. Mewar's army also came to the ground called 'Rakttal'.
▪️In the war, fight between Rana Pratap's Luna and Ramprasad and Akbar's Gajmukta and Gajraj elephants took place.
▪️Ramprasad elephant was taken over by the Mughals, which was later renamed by Akbar as 'Pirprasad'.
▪️Rana Pratap attacked Pathan Bahlol Khan in such a way that he broke into two pieces along with his horse.
▪️In the war, there was a direct face-to-face fight between Rana Pratap on Chetak horse and Mansingh riding on a manly elephant.
▪️Pratap attacked Mansingh with a spear but Mansingh survived. During this, Chetak was injured by the attack of the elephant.
▪️The Mughal army surrounded Pratap from all sides.
• When Rana Pratap was injured, Jhala Bida assumed the royal insignia and achieved heroic speed while fighting the war.
▪️Rana Pratap's horse Chetak, injured by an elephant attack in the war, died after crossing a drain.
▪️Chetak's tomb is built in Balicha village.
▪️According to the book 'Amarkavya Vanshavali' and 'Rajprashasti', Rana Pratap's brother Shaktisinh met Pratap and apologized for his actions.
▪️Haldighati battle remained inconclusive. Akbar failed to capture Rana Pratap.
▪️Angered by the result of the war, Akbar closed the courtyard of Mansingh and Asaf Khan.
▪️Description of Haldighati war is available in Badayuni's 'Muntakhb-ut-Tawarikh'.
▪️Abul-Fazl called this war 'Battle of Khamnaur', Badauni called 'Battle of Gogunda' and Colonel Tod 'Battle of Haldighati'.
▪️Every year 'Haldighati Festival' is celebrated in Rajsamand.
▪️Rana Pratap established his temporary capital at 'Avargarh'.
▪️In February, 1577, Akbar himself came on the Mewar campaign but failed.
▪️From October, 1577 to November, 1579, Shahbaz Khan unsuccessfully attacked Mewar three times.
▪️On April 3, 1578, Shahbaz Khan captured the Kumbhalgarh fort.
▪️Rana Pratap recaptured the Kumbhalgarh fort and appointed Bhan Songara as its 'Kiledar'.
▪️Bhamashah (Pali) had given financial help to Maharana Pratap.
▪️Bhamashah is called the savior and donor of Mewar.
▪️In 1580, Akbar sent Abdul Rahim Khankhana against Pratap. Kunwar Amarsingh attacked the Mughal camp at Sherpur and captured the women of Khankhana's family. When Rana Pratap got this information, he immediately ordered the Mughal women to be sent back with respect.
Battle of Divar (October, 1582) :-
▪️Kunwar Amarsingh killed Akbar's uncle Serima Sultan and captured Divar.
▪️Colonel James Tod called this war a 'symbol of Pratap's pride' and 'Marathon of Mewar'.
▪️On December 5, 1584, Akbar sent Jagannath Kachhwaha, the younger son of Bharmal of Amer, against Pratap. Jagannath also failed. Jagannath died in Mandalgarh.
▪️Jagannath Kachhwaha's '32 Khambho Ki Chattri' - located in Mandalgarh (Bhilwara).
▪️Rana Pratap looted Malpura of Amer region to take revenge and got 'Neelkanth Mahadev Temple' constructed near Jhalra Talab.
▪️Between 1585 AD to 1597 AD, Pratap had regained control over the rest of the state except Chittor and Mandalgarh.
▪️After defeating Luna Chavandia in 1585 AD, Pratap captured Chavand and made it his new capital.
▪️Pratap built the temple of 'Chamunda Mata' in Chavand.
▪️Chavand remained the capital of Mewar for the next 28 years from 1585.
▪️In 1597, while offering the bowstring, Pratap was seriously injured which became the cause of his death.
▪️Death - January 19, 1597, Chavand
▪️Agnisanskar - Bandoli
▪️Pratap's '8 Khambho Ki Chattri' - on Khejar dam in Bandoli (Udaipur).
▪️On the death of Pratap, the poet Dursa Aadha, who was present in the court of Akbar, recited a couplet –
गहलोत राणो जीत गयो दसण मूंद रसणा डसी।
नीलास मूक भरिया नयन तो मृत शाह प्रताप सी।।
▪️In the context of Maharana Pratap, Colonel Tod wrote – "There is no such valley in Aravalli similar as Alps mountain, which has not been sanctified by some heroic act of Pratap, bright victory or more famous defeat. Haldighati is 'Thermopalli of Mewar' and Divar is 'Marathon of Mewar'.
▪️It has been said about Pratap that –
"पग-पग भम्या पहाड़, धरा छोड़ राख्यो धरम।
महाराणा मेवाड़, हिरदे बसया हिन्द रे।। "
Pratap Era Creations -
1. Darbari Pandit Chakrapani Mishra – Vishwavallabh,
Muhurtmala,
Vyavaharadarsh and Rajyabhishek Paddhati.
2. Jain Muni Hemratna Suri – Gora-Badal, Padmini Charitra Chaupai, Mahipal Chaupai, Amarkumar Chaupai, Sita Chaupai, Lilavati
Temples built by Pratap –
1. Chamunda Devi (Chavand)
2. Harihar Temple (Badrana)
Painting - Birth of Chavand style,
Chief Painter - Nisaruddin
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