Proteins - Anatomy & Physiology
✍️Introduction
Proteins, which are basically biomolecules, play wide range of functions in the body of a living organism.
Proteins are made up of tiny elements of different types of amino acids.
A sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is known particularly by the sequence of a gene; gene is encoded in the genetic code.
After formation, proteins exist for a fixed period of time and are then degraded and recycled.
The proteins get recycled by the cell's machinery by the process of protein turnover.
Most of the proteins contain linear polymers made up of series of up to 20 different L-α-amino acids.
The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are connected by peptide bonds.
The peptide bond, usually, has two resonance forms, which contribute some double-bond characters.
✍️Protein Structure
Most of the proteins illustrate unique 3-dimensional structures.
However, proteins have not a rigid structure, but rather, proteins may vary between several related structures especially when they perform their functions.
✍️Types of Protein
Enzymes − enzymes play important role especially during the breakdown of molecules. Enzymes are also required for the digestion and growth of the cell.
Structural Proteins − such type of proteins provide strength to cells, tissues, and organs.
Signaling Proteins − Such proteins facilitate cells to communicate with each other by providing signals.
Defensive Proteins − Such proteins help organisms to fight with infection and support damaged tissue in healing fast.
Hormone − Some hormones are proteins that help in metabolic activities.
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